Ensuring Accountability and Transparency: The Need for Proper Regulation of Police Drone Use in Democratic Societies

Abstract

In a democratic society governed by the rule of law, the use of new technologies by the police must be properly regulated. When police technology is used incorrectly and without legitimate reason, it can become hostile in the eyes of the public. Lack of proper safeguards and regulations can also lead to lack of accountability for actions in the line of duty. This article focuses on two main aspects. Firstly, it describes issues posed by rapid implementation of new technologies by the police and emphasizes the need for proper oversight of police drone activities. Secondly, it presents findings from socio-legal research conducted between 2019 and 2023. This study combines doctrinal legal research with empirical studies conducted in Poland, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom. It includes in-depth interviews with police officers, national aviation safety agency officers, and foreign experts, supplemented by field observations of police drone use in practice. The article concludes with critical remarks on current legislation, highlighting significant inadequacies, particularly in Polish regulations, and calls for a new approach to police accountability and transparency.