Multidirectional Changes in the Blood Cholesterol in Mammals of Different Species during Pregnancy and Lactation
Keywords:
Blood Cholesterol, Mammals, Pregnancy, Lactation.Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize the data on cholesterol variations in animals of different species during pregnancy and lactation period. The physiological hypercholesterolemia of late pregnancy in many species, including rats, heterozygous Watanable heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits, dogs, sheep, goats, deer and pregnant women are not common. The concentration of serum cholesterol in some mammals (e.g. rabbits, guinea pigs, buffaloes, cows, baboon and monkey) gradually decreased to the end of pregnancy. Why cholesterol is increased in some mammals during pregnancy and it decreases in other animals? Its changes are necessary or not for female organism? In this review, we have demonstrated the need for physiological changes of cholesterol in animals during the breeding season. We have tried to summarize the factors that are responsible for the cholesterol level fluctuations in females of different species at certain stages of the reproductive cycles.
References
A.R. Rabiee, I.J. Lean, J.M. Gooden, and B.G. Miller.
L.C. Fillios, R. Kaplan, R.S. Martin, and F.J. Stare.
V. Bosch, and G. Camejo.
D.B. Zilversmit, L.B. Hughes, and M. Remington.
M.J. Kessler, and R.G. Rawlins.
D.W. Quig, and D.B. Zilversmit.
R.H. Knopp, R.O. Bergelin, P.M. Wahl, and C.E. Walden.
J.L. Smith, S.R. Lear, T.M. Forte, W. Ko, M. Massimi, and S.K. Erickson.
A.S. Wright-Rodgers, M.K. Waldron, K.K. Bigley, G.E. Lees, and J.E. Bauer.
J.M. Ordovas, M. Pocivi, and F. Grande.
A.N. Chiang, M.L. Yang, J.H. Hung, P. Chou, S.K. Shyn, and H.T. Ng.
I.A. Qureshi, X.R. Xi, Y.R. Limbu, H.Y. Bin, and M.I. Chen.
H. Saarelainen, T. Laitinen, O.T. Raitakari, M. Juonala, N. Heiskanen, T. Lyyra-Laitinen et all.
W. Piechota, and A. Staszewski.
S. Dejager, and G. Turpin.
E.J. Baumann, and O.M. Holly,
R.C. Wolf, L. Temte, and R.K. Meyer.
D.E. Martin, R.C. Wolf, and R.K. Meyer.
K.J. Ho, J.E. Forestner, and P. Manalo-Estrella.
D.R. Koritnik, L.L. Wood, L.N. Shandilya, and L.L. Rudel.
L.J. Spicer, R.K. Vernon, W.B. Tuker, R.P. Wettemann, J.F. Hogue, and G.D. Adams.
F. Viard-Drouet, F. Provot, and P. Coudert.
G.C. Burdge, and A.D. Postle.
M.Y. Wells, P.M. Decobecq, D.M. Decouvelaera, C. Justice, and P. Guttin.
C.C. Francisco, L.J. Spicer, and M.E. Payton.
S. Mullick, ?.P. Bagga, and Mullick Vdu.
J.G Green.
A. Montelongo, M.A. Lasuncion, L.F. Pallardo, and E. Herrera.
T.A. Liberati, S.R. Sansone, and M.H. Feuston.
DG McKay, H Kaunitz.
W.N. Dannenburg, R.L. Burt, and W.H. Leake.
E. Esper, E.K. Chan, and H. Buchwald.
M.E. Hamadeh, H. Bostedt, and K. Failing.
O.S. Al-Dewachi.
S. Nazifi, M. Saev, and S.M. Ghavami.
C.V.S. Rawal, S. Rejendra, and S.N. Luktuke.
M. Krajnic
A Ozpinar, and A Firat.
U.K. Sandabe, A.R. Mustapha, and E.Y. Sambo.
E. Skotnicka, Z. Muszczynski, and M. Suska.
T.D. Watson, L. Burns, C.J. Packard, and J. Shepherd.
D.P. Knox, W.A. McKelvey, and D.G. Jones.
I. Marco, and S. Lav
D.S. Dhindsa, T.H. Cochran, A. Castro, J.R. Swanson, and J. Metcalfe.
N. Polji?ak-Milas, T.S. Marenjak, A. Slavica, Z. Janicki, N. Filipovi?, and V. Sruk.
G. Popjak.
K. Kriesten, and U. Marawski.
N.S. Salakhova, T.A. Kalyaeva, and Y.K. Turakulov.
I.K. Turakulov, N.S. Salakhova, and T.P. Tashkhodzhaeva.
D.W. Quig, and D.B. Zilversmit.
A.Van Zyl.
C.S. Bahga, P.S. Canwar, and S.S. Capitan.
S.D. Hagawane, S.B. Shinde, and D.N. Rajguru.
M.A. Lammoglia, S.T. Willard, J.R. Oldham, and R.D. Randel.
T.F. Vasilenko, L.Yu. Rubtsova, and M.F. Borisenkov.
G.K. Mbassa, and J.S.D. Poulsen.
M.E. Azab, and H.A. Abdel-Maksoud.
A.C. Guyton, and J.E. Hall.
Ch.F. Ciliberto, and G.F. Marx.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.
