Global and Micro Climate Change Related to the Dynamics of Anopheles sp. In Malaria-Endemic Area Purworejo City, Central Java
Keywords:
Global climate, microclimate, malaria species, Purworejo, Indonesia.Abstract
The effect of global climate change continues to this day and generates impacts on various aspects of life including on changing of disease pattern. Purworejo city, one of the Malaria endemic regions in Indonesian, has also suspected to be affected by that situation. Malaria is a vector-borne disease diseases, shows a tendency to increase in morbidity. Cases of malaria in Indonesia, recorded at 417.819 cases, API 1.69 per 1000 population. This condition resulted in Purworejo city still struggle to eliminate malaria. Furthermore, Mopi numbers in the last 4 years is 0.72% o (2011), 0.82% o (2012), 1.02% o (2013), 1.1% o (2014). In this case, global climate change then allegedly to affect micro-climate and the dynamics of Anopheles sp. Data of global climate change used Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) for the last twenty years has been used to classify Purworejo microclimate by Schimth & Ferguson and Oldeman formula. The correlation coefficient is then used to analyze the effect of global climate change on micro-climates. Further step, the influence of weather variability to the variability of the type and density of Anopheles sp. was investigated by longitudinal survey application, and conducted during the 4 seasons of the year in 34 observation points. SOI during the period 1996 - 2014 fluctuated in the range of (+ 22.3) tends to be wet climate to (-29.1) to a dry climate. In extreme conditions (SOI> +8) or (SOI <-8) global climate change affect the microclimate in Purworejo.
The correlation coefficient (R) between the SOI and rainfall in Purworejo in extreme year of 0.48 to 0.86; against air temperature R value of 0.41 to 0.76. The tendency of air temperature decrease y = (-0,0051x + 29.932), over a period of 16 years the air temperature decreases by (0,98
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