Climate Change and Pneumonia Disease: An Ecological Study

Abstract

Since in the mid of 1970 climate change occurred causing 150,000 deaths and 5 million life disabilities every year in developing countries. ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection) is one of the most common diseases in Indonesia and contributing to baby and infant mortality. Pneumonia is one of transmitted disease cause the 2^nd death in infant after diarrhea in Indonesia. ARI in Central Jakarta in 2009 recorded 1,213 people. August 2011 ARI cases was 16,750 and 248,168 in North Jakarta, West Jakarta, respectively. The aim of this research was to get a model of climate change and pneumonia in Jakarta. It was an observational research with ecological design. Data obtained from Ministry of Health and Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics in Jakarta from 1990 to 2010. Variables were temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and pneumonia. The results of multiple linear regression analysis known that one variable significantly associated with the incidence of pneumonia in Jakarta were the wind speed. Based on the p value = 0.007. The increase in wind speed of 1 knot can lead to an increase in 2142 of pneumonia 40.6 % of the variation of wind speed can explain the incidence of pneumonia. It is needed to build cooperation with other sector programs with relevant agencies such as Local Government, Department of Education, community organizations, community leaders and community participation for the anticipated increase in the incidence of pneumonia.