Bioavailability of Heavy Metal in Cooked Rice and Health Risk Assessment Using in Vitro Digestion Model
Keywords:
Rice, Bioavailability, Heavy metal, In vitro digestion, Health risk assessment .Abstract
Rice ingestion is one of major pathway for heavy metal bioaccumulation in human. This study has employed an in vitro digestion model to determine non-carcinogenic health risk assessment (HRA) from bioavailability of heavy metal concentrations in cooked rice. Totally, 22 varieties of marketed rice samples were purchased to assess bioavailability of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe and Zn) using in vitro digestion model. Bioavailability of heavy metal concentrations in were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Outputs showed bioavailability of heavy metal concentrations were decreased from Zn > Fe > Cu > Cr > Cd. Zinc was found as the most abundant bioavailability of heavy metal concentration in the cooked rice samples and Thai fragrant rice has the highest Zn content. Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for bioavailability of heavy metal studied were less than 1 for adult and children indicating that there were no any non-carcinogenic health risks present. The application of in vitro digestion model in determining bioavailability of heavy metal produces a more realistic estimation of human health risks exposure.
References
K. Zhao, A.W. Zhang and A.L. Zhou.
E.U. Islam, X.E. Yang, Z.L. Zhang and M. Qaisar.
H. Cao, H. Zhu, Y. Jia, J. Chen, H. Zhang and L. Qiao.
B.D. Tembo, K. Sichilongo and J. Cernak.
D.C. Adriano.
J. Liu, X. Zhang, H. Tran, D. Wang and Y. Zhu.
Z. Fahmi, B.A. Samah and H. Abdullah.
J. Khairiah, A.R. Ramlee, H. Jamil, Z. Ismail and B.S. Ismail.
N.A.A. Salim, M.S. Elias, A.K. Wood, E. Sanuri, M.S. Hamzah and S.A. Rahman.
J.Z. Zhang.
D.W. Yap, J. Adezrian, J. Khairiah, B.S. Ismail and R. Ahmad-Mahir.
L. Jorhem, C. Astrand, B. Sundstorm, M. Baxter, P. Stokes, J. Lewis and K.P. Grawe.
I. Al-Saleh and N. Shinwari.
H. Cao, J. Chen, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. Qiao and Y. Men.
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). (2013). Available www.irri.com.[January 21, 2014].
N.A. Omar, S.P. Praveena, A.Z. Aris and Z. Hashim.
S.W. Lee, B.T. Lee, J.Y. Kim, K.W. Kim and J.S. Lee.
L.S. Yang, X.W. Zhang, Y.H. Li, H.R. Li, Y. Wang and W.Y. Wang.
M. Intawongse and J.R. Dean.
A.G. Oomen, C.J.M. Rompelberg, M.A. Bruil, C.J.G. Dobbe, D.P.K.H. Pereboom and A.J.A.M. Sips.
C.H.M. Versantvoort, D.K.E. Van and C.J.M. Rompelberg.
V. Devesa, D. Velez and R. Montoro.
D. Mondal, M. Banerjee, M. Kundu, N. Banerjee, U. Bhattacharya, A.K. Giri, B. Ganguli, S.S. Roy and D.A.Polya
J.N. Morgan.
J.M. Laparra, D. Vaclez, R. Barbera, R. Farrac andR. Montoro.
F. Kong, M.H. Oztop, R.P. Singh andM.J. McCarthy.
A. Signes, K. Mitra, F. Burla and A.A. Carbonell-Barrachina.
Malaysian Food Regulations. Food Act 1983 (Act 281) & Regulations, International Law book Services, Kuala Lumpur, 1985.
FAO/WHO.
FAO/WHO.
R.P. Glahn, Z. Cheng, R.M. Welch andG.B. Gregorio.
J.R. Hunt, L.K. Johnson and B.O. Juliano.
A.K.Norimah, M.Safiah, K.Jamal, H.Siti, H. Zuhaidaand S. Rohida.
N. Zheng, Q.C. Wang, X.W. Zhang, D.M. Zheng, Z.S. Zhang and S.Q. Zhang.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.
