Payment for Environmental Services: Concept versus Practice in Indonesia
Keywords:
Citarum, PES, agroforestry, market-approach, Wunders’ conceptual frameworkAbstract
The Citarum basin is in critical condition owing to various factors, such as pervasive upland farming and a high rate of land conversion, that have intensified water pollution and land degradation. Considering the extent of ecosystem alteration, a system of payment for environmental services (PES) is an option for the environmental recovery of the area. However, a greater understanding of the stages of practical implementation of this new tool is necessary in Asia, as this region seems to diverge significantly from PES
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