Determination of the Effect of the Environment on the Genetic Polymorphism In the Genus of Tamarix Using the Molecular Marker ( Simple Sequence Repeats "PCR-SSR" (In Arid Areas of the Khenchela Region (Eastern of Algeria)

Abstract

Tamarix is used for a long time as a treatment plant in traditional and modern medicine because of its healing powers. In addition to these medicinal characteristics Tamarix has a great adaptation to the extreme environmental conditions, especially in arid and semi arid regions, where it represents a promising source for rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and fight against desertification. However, to date, only limited information about its genetic structure. To attempt to characterize the genetic diversity of the species of this genus is therefore very useful for their classification, their conservation and improvement.

In this context, we started in the assessment of the level of genetic diversity characterizing Tamarix pushing currently in Algeria and in which they are originate. we used the PCR-SSR of 23 genotypes selected from three very different sites (en perspective of climate, edaphic and orographic conditions), through the arid regions of Khenchela in eastern of Algeria. The results are obtained by the highlighted amplification of 14 primers specific for Tamarix. Analysis of the results using the software TreeCon for Windows, at a threshold of dissimilarity of 50% we have obtained nine distinct groups, in general, the results showed a high level of genetic divergence within and between species among genotypes, with relevant remarks in four accessions, (II 2, II 10, III 3 and III 9), of the ninth