Experimental Investigation of Permeability Alteration Due to Drying of Porous Media
Keywords:
porous media, permeability alteration, precipitation, drying, greenhouse gases, carbon sequestration, saline aquifersAbstract
The permeability of reservoir rocks can be significantly altered by the precipitation of brines caused by drying. In this study, alteration of permeability in porous media induced by drying of brines was investigated experimentally. Four different rock types were used; rock samples were initially analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and conventional core analysis (CCAL), including gas permeability and Helium porosity. The reservoir rock samples (2 each of carbonate and sandstone) were tested to determine the impact of rock type and initial permeability on possible injectivity impairment. Each of the rock samples was completely saturated in brine of NaCl, KCl and Caspian seawater (SW), with salt concentrations ranging between 10 and 200 g/L. The samples were then fully dried in an oven at a controlled, constant temperature of 70oC. The final gas permeability of each sample was measured after drying and compared with its initial value to determine the fractional permeability alteration. At the microscopic, pore-scale level, the extent of hindrance to flow from salt precipitation caused by drying of brines was investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the evaporation of aqueous brine occurs near the surface, and is controlled by convection current, evidenced by a Peclet number >>1.
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