Age and Sex Difference Between Low-grade and High-grade Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Authors

  • Ummu Kalzum Malik Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar Indonesia, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
  • Upik A Miskad Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar Indonesia
  • Muh Husni Cangara Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar Indonesia
  • Gita Vita Soraya Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
  • Mahmud Ghaznawie Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
  • Syarifuddin Wahid Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar Indonesia

Keywords:

age, sex, low-grade and high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is currently the second leading cause of death in the world. Sex, age, and histological grading have interesting prognostic values for colorectal cancer to be studied further. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in age and sex to the histological grading of low-grade and high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma. This analytical descriptive study used 65 samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) from patients diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma based on histopathological examination with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, period 2014 to 2016. Data obtained for age, age group < 45 years 12 samples (18.5%), 36 samples in the 45-65 age group (55.4%), and 17 samples in the 65-year age group (26.2%). For sex, 36 samples (55.4%) and 29 samples (44.6%) were female. For the histological grade of low-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma, 43 samples (66.2%) and high-grade 22 samples (33.8%). The data were then analyzed using the Chi-square test, age against the degree of histology obtained p-value of 0.383 (p>0.05), for sex to the degree of histology obtained p-value of 0.338 (p>0.05). The conclusion there are no statistically significant differences between age and sex to histological grades of low-grade and high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma.

References

. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49.

. WHO. Cancer Today [Internet]. Vol. 418, International Agency for research. 2020. p. 1–2. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/online-analysis-multi-bars?

. Kim SE, Paik HY, Yoon H, Lee JE, Kim N, Sung MK. Sex- and gender-specific disparities in colorectal cancer risk. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(17):5167–75.

. Abancens M, Bustos V, Harvey H, McBryan J, Harvey BJ. Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol. 2020;10:1–27.

. Da Fonseca LMI, Da Luz MMP, Lacerda-Filho A, Cabral MMDA, Da Silva RG. Colorectal carcinoma in different age groups: A histopathological analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2012;27(2):249–55.

. Steele SR, Park GE, Johnson EK, Martin MJ, Stojadinovic A, Maykel JA, et al. The impact of age on colorectal cancer incidence, treatment, and outcomes in an equal-access health care system. Dis Colon Rectum. 2014;57(3):303–10.

. Nagtegaal ID, Arends MJ, M S-T. WHO Classification of Tumours: Digestive System Tumours. 5th ed. The WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, editor. WHO Press; 2019. 177–187 p.

. Kuwahara T, Hazama S, Suzuki N, Yoshida S, Tomochika S, Nakagami Y, et al. Intratumoural-infiltrating CD4 + and FOXP3 + T cells as strong positive predictive markers for the prognosis of resectable colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2019 Oct 15;121(8):659–65.

. Shivji S, Conner JR, Barresi V, Kirsch R. Poorly differentiated clusters in colorectal cancer: a current review and implications for future practice. Histopathology. 2020;77(3):351–68.

. Rochelle F, Wang Y-J, Schoen RE, Finn OJ, Jian, Zhang L. Colorectal cancer prevention: immune modulation taking the stage. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2018;1869(2):138–48.

. Müller MF, Ashraf &, Ibrahim EK, Arends MJ. Molecular pathological classification of colorectal cancer. Virchows Arch [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jul 23];469(2):125– 134. Available from: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00428-016-1956-3.pdf

. Fleming M, Ravula S, Tatishchev SF, Wang HL. Colorectal carcinoma: Pathologic aspects. Vol. 3, Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. 2012. p. 153–73.

. Barresi V, Bonetti LR, Leni A, Caruso RA, Tuccari G. Histological grading in colorectal cancer: New insights and perspectives. Histol Histopathol. 2015;30(9):1059–67.

. Bae JM, Kim JH, Cho NY, Kim TY, Kang GH. Prognostic implication of the CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancers depends on tumour location. Br J Cancer [Internet]. 2013;109(4):1004–12. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.430

. Deschoolmeester V, Baay M, Lardon F, Pauwel P, Peeters M. Immune cells in colorectal cancer: Prognostic relevance and role of MSI. Cancer Microenviron. 2011;4(3):377–92.

Downloads

Published

2022-06-11

How to Cite

Ummu Kalzum Malik, Upik A Miskad, Muh Husni Cangara, Gita Vita Soraya, Mahmud Ghaznawie, & Syarifuddin Wahid. (2022). Age and Sex Difference Between Low-grade and High-grade Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 62(2), 393–398. Retrieved from https://gssrr.org/index.php/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/view/14150

Issue

Section

Articles