Customer Knowledge Management: Improving Performance in Tunisian Hotels Through Customer Value
Keywords:
customer knowledge management, customer value, financial performance, non-financial performance, hotel industry, TunisiaAbstract
We investigate the effects of customer knowledge management (CKM) on customer value (CV) and performance using a questionnaire survey of the Tunisian hotel industry. Tunisia offers an exemplary case, exhibiting a serious requirement to reattract tourists and critical need to improve hotel profitability. The industry suffered dramatic reductions in tourist numbers as a result of terrorist attacks. The study develops a conceptual account of knowledge as an asset and how it is used. We employ two contrasting samples; hotel managers (n= 121) and hotel customers (n= 597).Our review of the literature enabled us to build hypotheses which we tested with a logit model. We found robust evidence that good knowledge management is related to perceptions of value. In turn, this enhances performance. Nonetheless, CKM directly enhances financial performance rather than non-financial performance. However, the indirect effects of CKM on both financial and non-financial performance were significant. We conclude that good knowledge management offers a very useful approach to enhancing perceptions of value and hotel performance.
References
. J. Tribe., & J.J. Liburd. “The tourism knowledge system”. Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 57, pp.44-61, 2016.
. Z. Wang., N. Wang & H. Liang.“Knowledge sharing, intellectual capital and firm performance”. Management Decision, vol. 52, pp.230-258, 2014.
. S. Michailova., & K. Husted. “Knowledge-Sharing Hostility in Russian Firms”. California Management Review, vol.45, pp. 59–77, 2003.
. S. Jang., K. Hong., G.W., Bock., & I. Kim. “Knowledge management and process innovation: the knowledge transformation path in Samsung SDI”. Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 6, pp. 479-485, 2002.
. A.M. Mills., & T.A.Smith. “Knowledge management and organizational performance: a decomposed view”. Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 15, pp. 156-171, 2011.
. F. Pil., & M. Holwelg. “Exploring scale - The advantages of thinking small”. MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 44, pp.33-39, 2003.
. L. Xie., X. Guan., & T.C.Huan. “A case study of hotel frontline employees' customer need knowledge relating to value co-creation”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol.39, pp.76-86, 2019.
. R.P. Lee., G. Naylor., & Q. Chen. “Linking customer resources to firm success: the role of marketing program implementation”. Journal of Business Research, vol. 64, pp. 394–400, 2011.
. T.H.Davenport., & L. Prusak. “Working knowledge: how organizations manage what they know”, Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press, 1998.
. M. Sigala., & K. Chalkiti. “Knowledge management, social media and employee creativity”. International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 45, pp. 44-58, 2015.
. Y.C.Wang., C.C. Luo. & Y.F. Tai. “Implementation of delightful services: from the perspective of frontline service employees”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 31, pp. 90-104, 2017.
. C.A. Hallin., & E. Marnburg. “Knowledge management in the hospitality industry: a review of empirical research”. Tourism management, vol. 29, pp. 366-381, 2008.
. A. Hardy., O. Vorobjovas-Pinta., & R. Eccleston. “Enhancing knowledge transfer in tourism: an elaboration likelihood model approach”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. pp. 37, 33-41, 2018.
. K. Czernek.“Tourism features as determinants of knowledge transfer in the process of tourist cooperation”. Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 20,pp. 204-220, 2014.
. M.J. Rollins., & A. Halinen. “Customer Knowledge Management Competence: Towards a Theoretical Framework”,Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, jan. 2005.
. Z. Zhang. “Customer knowledge management and the strategies of social software”. Business Process Management Journal, vol. 17, pp. 82-106, 2011.
. C. Orchiston., & J.E.S. Higham. “Knowledge management and tourism recovery (de) marketing: the Christchurch earthquakes 2010–2011”.Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 19, pp. 64-84, 2016.
. A. Garrido-Moreno., N. Lockett., & V. Garcia-Morales.“Exploring the role of knowledge management practices in fostering customer relationship management as a catalyst of marketing innovation”. Baltic Journal of Management, vol. 10, pp. 393-412,2015.
. I. Nonaka., & R. Toyama. “The knowledge-creating theory revisited: knowledge creation as a synthesizing process”. In J.S. Edwards (Ed.), The essentials of knowledge management: London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, pp. 95-110.
. M.S. Zanjani., R. Rouzbehani., & H. Dabbagh. “Proposing a conceptual model of customer knowledge management”. International journal of humanities and social science, vol. 2, pp.60-64, 2008.
. A.R Anderson., & J. Hardwick. “Collaborating for innovation: the socialised management of knowledge”. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, vol. 13, pp. 1181-1197, May.2017.
. S. Tseng. “Knowledge management capability, customer relationship management, and service quality”. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, vol. 29, pp. 202-221, 2016.
. J. Hardwick., & A.R Anderson. “Supplier-customer engagement for collaborative innovation using video conferencing: A study of SMEs”. Industrial Marketing Management. In press,2019
. P. Siriprasoetsin., K. Tuamsuk., & C. Vongprasert. “Factors affecting customer relationship management practices in Thai academic libraries”. The international information & library review, vol. 43, pp. 221-229, 2011.
. M. Gibbert., M. Leibold., & G. Trobst.“ Five styles of Customer Knowledge Management, and how smart companies use them to create value”. European Management Journal, vol. 20,pp. 459-469, 2002
. H.A. Smith., & J.D. McKeen.“Developments in practice XVIII-customer knowledge management: adding value for our customers”. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, vol. 16, pp. 744-755, 2005.
. C.M. Harmeling., J.W. Moffett., M.J. Arnold., & B.D. Carlson. “Toward a theory of customer engagement marketing”. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 45, pp. 312-335, 2017.
. W. Jiebing., G. Bin., & S. Yongjiang.“Customer knowledge management and IT-enabled business model innovation: a conceptual framework and a case study from China”. European Management Journal, vol. 31, pp. 359– 372 ,2013.
. M. Tuominen. “Channel collaboration and firm value proposition”. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 32, pp. 178-189, 2004.
. D.P. Cooper. “Innovation and reciprocal externalities: information transmission via job mobility”. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, vol. 45,pp. 403-425, 2001.
. T. Woodall.“Conceptualising value for the customer: an attributional, dispositional and structural analysis”. Academy of Marketing Science Review, vol. 2003, pp.1-42, 2003.
. R.B. Woodruff. “Customer value: the next source for competitive advantage”. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 25, pp.139-153, 1997.
. C. Bowman., & V.Ambrosini. “Value creation versus value capture: towards a coherent definition of value in strategy”. British Journal of Management, vol. 11, pp.1-15. 2000.
. A. Payne., & P. Frow.“A strategic framework for customer relationship management”. Journal of Marketing, vol. 69, pp.36-81, 2005.
. D.P. Lepak., K.G. Smith., & M.S. Taylor. “Value creation and value capture: a multilevel perspective”. The Academy of Management Review, vol. 32, pp. 180-194, 2007.
. L.T. Tuan., D. Rajendran., C. Rowley., & D.C. Khai. “Customer value co-creation in the business-to-business tourism context: the roles of corporate social responsibility and customer empowering behaviours”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 39, pp.137-149,2019.
. H.C.Wu., C.C.Cheng., C.H.Ai., & G. Chen, “Relationships between restaurant attachment, experiential relationship quality and experiential relationship intentions: the case of single friendly restaurants in Taiwan”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 40, pp. 50-66, 2019.
. A. Zehrer., & F. Raich. “The impact of perceived crowding on customer satisfaction”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 29, pp. 88-98, 2016.
. E. Marrocu., & R. Paci. “They arrive with new information: tourism flows and production efficiency in the European regions”. Tourism Management, vol. 32, pp. 750-758, 2011.
. S. Navarro., C. Llinares., & D. Garzon. “Exploring the relationship between co-creation and satisfaction using QCA”. Journal of Business Research, vol. 69, pp. 1336-1339, 2016.
. N.K. Prebensen., H. Kim ., & M.S. Uysal.“Co-creation as moderator between the experience value and satisfaction relationship”. Journal of Travel Research, vol. 5, pp.934–945, 2016.
. A.H. Liu., M.P. Leach., & K.L. Bernhardt. “Examining customer value perceptions of organizational buyers when sourcing from multiple vendors”. Journal of Business Research, vol. 58, pp.559-568, 2005.
. T.H. Davenport., & P. Klahr. “Managing customer support knowledge”. California Management Review, vol. 40, pp. 195-208, 1998.
. G.S. Da., “Capabilities for Forging Customer Relationships”. Cambridge: Marketing Science Institute, 2000.
. K. Wolff., & S. Larsen. “Can terrorism make us feel safer? Risk perceptions and worries before and after the July 22nd attacks”. Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 44, pp. 200-209, 2014.
. S.B. Aissa., & M. Goaied. “Determinants of Tunisian hotel profitability: The role of managerial efficiency”. Tourism Management, vol.52, pp. 478-487, 2016.
. M. Kubickova., D. Kirimhan., & H. Li. “The impact of crises on hotel rooms' demand in developing economies: the case of terrorist attacks of 9/11 and the global financial crisis of 2008”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 38, pp. 27-38, 2019.
. T.H. Haque., & M.O. Haque. “The swine flu and its impacts on tourism in Brunei”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 36, pp. 92-101, 2018.
. W. Irvine., & A.R. Anderson. “The impacts of foot and mouth disease on a peripheral tourism area: the role and effect of crisis management”. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, vol. 19, pp. 47-60, 2005.
. W. Irvine., & A.R. Anderson. “Small tourist firms in rural areas: agility, vulnerability and survival in the face of crisis”. International journal of entrepreneurial behavior & research, vol. 10, pp.229-246, 2004.
. G. Walters., J. Mair., & J. Lim. “Sensationalist media reporting of disastrous events: implications for tourism”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 28, pp. 3-10, 2016.
. A.H.W.Yeung., V.H.Y.Lo., A.C.L.Yeung., & T.C.E. Cheng. “Specific customer knowledge and operational performance in apparel manufacturing”. International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 114, pp.520-533, 2008.
. D.J. Teece. “Chapter 16 - technological innovation and the theory of the firm: the role of enterprise-level knowledge, complementarities and (Dynamic) capabilities”. Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, vol. 1, pp. 679-730, 2010.
. H. Salomann., M. Dous., L. Kolbe., & W. Brenner. “Rejuvenating customer management: how to make knowledge for, from and about customers work”. European Management Journal, vol. 23, pp.392-403, 2005.
. J. Rowley. “Using case studies in research”. Management Research News, vol. 25, pp.16-27, 2002.
. M.D. Plessis. “The role of knowledge management in innovation”. Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 11, pp. 20-29, 2007.
. X. An., H. Deng., L. Chao., & W. Bai. “Knowledge management in supporting collaborative innovation, community capacity building”. Journal of Knowledge Management, vol.18, pp.574-590, 2014.
. Y.J. Chen., & H.C. Chu. “Enabling collaborative product design through distributed engineering knowledge management”. Computers in Industry, vol. 59, pp. 395-409, 2008.
. A.Y.K., Chua., & S. Banerjee. “Customer knowledge management via social media: the case of Starbucks”. Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 17, pp. 23-249, 2013.
. S.A. Taylor., & T.L. Baker. “An assessment of the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in the formation of consumers’ purchase intentions”. Journal of Retailing, vol. 70, pp.163-78, 1994.
. J. Horovitz. “Information as a service to the customer”. In D.A. Marchand (Ed.), Competing with information: a manager’s guide to creating business value with information conten. Chichester: Wiley, 2000, pp. 55-68.
. M. Garcia-Murillo., & H. Annabi. “Customer knowledge management”. Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 53, pp. 875-884, 2002.
. G. Padula. “Enhancing the innovation performance of firms by balancing cohesiveness and bridging ties”. Long Range Planning, vol. 41, pp.395-419, 2008.
. S. Thomke ., & E. von Hippel. “Customers as innovators: a new way to create value”. Harvard Business Review, vol. 80, pp. 5-11, 2002.
. J. Tidd., J.R. Bessant., & K. Pavitt. “Managing innovation: integrating technological, market and organizational change”, Chichester: Wiley, 2005.
. M. Sigala. “Social networks and customer involvement in new service development (NSD): the case of www.mystarbucksidea.com”. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol.24, pp.966-990, 2012.
. M.Bulearca., & S.Bulearca. “Twitter: a viable marketing tool for SMEs?”. Global Business and Management Research: an International Journal, vol 2, pp.296-309, 2010.
. R. Magnier-Watanabe., M. Yoshida., & T. Watanabe. “Social network productivity in the use of SNS”. Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 14, pp. 910-927, 2010.
. T. Maswera., R. Dawson., & J. Edwards, “Assessing the levels of knowledge transfer within e-commerce websites of tourist organisations in Africa”. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 4, pp. 59-66, 2006.
. T.H. Davenport., J.G. Harris., & A.K Kohli. “How do they know: their customers so well”. MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 42, pp. 63-73, 2001.
. H. Gebert., M. Geib., L. Kolbe., & W. Brenner.“Knowledge enabled customer relationship management: integrating customer relationship management and knowledge management concepts”. Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 7, pp. 107-123, 2003.
. B.H.Chua. “Singapore as model: planning innovations, knowledge experts”, In A. Roy, and A. Ong (Eds). Worlding cities: Asian experiments and the art of being global, 2011, pp. 29-54.
. E. Martin-Fuentes. “Are guests of the same opinion as the hotel star-rate classification system?”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 29, pp. 126-134, 2016.
. C. Guthrie., & A. Anderson. “Visitor narratives: researching and illuminating actual destination experience”. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, vol. 13, pp. 110-129, 2010.
. M.D. Plessis., & J.A. Boon. “Knowledge management in eBusiness and customer relationship management: South African case study findings”. International Journal of Information Management, vol. 24, pp. 73-86, 2004.
. M.B. Holbrook. “Consumer value: a framework for analysis and research”, London: Routledge, 1999.
. D.J. Flint., R.B.Woodruff., & S.F. Gardial. “Customer value change in industrial marketing relationships: a call for new strategies and research”. Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 26, pp. 163-175, 1997.
. J.C. Sweeney., & G.N.Soutar. “Consumer perceived value: the development of a multiple item scale”. Journal of Retailing, vol. 77, pp. 203-220, 2001.
. S.F. Slater ., & J.C. Narver. “The positive effect of a market orientation on business profitability: a balanced replication”. Journal of Business Research, vol. 48, pp. 69-73, 2000.
. J.F. Petrick. “Development of a multi-dimensional scale for measuring the perceived value of a service”. Journal of Leisure Research, vol. 34, pp.119-134, 2002.
. H.N .Nasution., & F.T. Mavondo. “Organizational capabilities: antecedents and implications for customer value”. European Journal of Marketing, vol. 42, pp. 477-501, 2008.
. V.A. Zeithaml. “Customer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesis of evidence”. Journal of Marketing, vol. 52, pp.2-22, 1988.
. W.B.Dodds., K.B. Monroe., & D. Grewal. “Effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers’ product evaluations”. Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 28, pp. 307-319, 1991.
. A. Fyall., A. Leask., P. Barron., & A. Ladkin. “Managing Asian attractions, Generation Y and face”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 32, pp. 35-44,2017.
. C. Grönroos. “Service logic revisited: who creates value? and who co-creates?”. European Business Review, vol. 20, pp. 298–314, 2008.
. C. Claycomb., C. Dröge., & R. Germain. “Applied customer knowledge in a manufacturing environment: flexibility for industrial firms”. Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 34, pp. 629-640, 2005.
. S. Jayachandran., K. Hewett., & P. Kaufman.“Customer response capability in a sense-and-respond era: the role of customer knowledge process”. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 32, pp. 219–233, 2004.
. J.M. Juran. “Departmental quality planning”. National Productivity Review, vol. 11, pp. 287-300. 1992.
. A.A. Haji Karimi., & T. Mansourian. “Reviewing and clarifying the role of customer knowledge management to improve organizational performance”. Quarterly Journal of Business Management, vol. 4 , pp. 75 – 92, 2012
. A. Zablah., D. Bellenger., & W.J. Johnston. “An evaluation of divergent perspectives on customer relationship management: towards a common understanding of an emerging phenomenon”. Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 33, pp.475–489, 2004.
. K. Richards., & E. Jones. “Customer relationship management: finding value drivers”. Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 37, pp.120-130, 2008.
. Y. Rezgui. “Knowledge systems and value creation: an action research investigation”. Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 107, pp.166-182, 2007.
. C.W, Choo. “Working with knowledge: how information professionals helps organisations manage what they know”. Library Management, vol. 21, pp. 395-403,2000.
. Y. Lin ., & H. Su. “Strategic analysis of Customer Relationship Management - a field study on hotel enterprises”. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, vol. 14, pp.715-731, 2003.
. B.Y. Lee ., & S.Y. Park.“ The role of customer delight and customer equity for loyalty in upscale hotels”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 39, pp.175–184, 2019.
. C. Barroso., & E. Martín. “Nivel de servicio y retención de clientes: el caso de la banca en España”. Revista Española de Investigación de Marketing ESIC, vol.3, pp.9-36, July 2019.
. L.V. Ngo., & A. O'Cass. “Creating value offerings via operant resource-based capabilities”. Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 38, pp. 45-58,2009.
. M. Tuominen., A. Rajala., & K. Moller. “Market-driving versus market-driven: Divergent roles of market orientation in business relationships”. Industrial Marking Management, vol. 33, pp. 207–217, 2004.
. G.S. Day. “The capabilities of market-driven organizations”. Journal of Marketing, vol. 58, pp37-52, Oct.1994.
. M. de Freitas Coelho., M. de Sevilha Gosling., & A.S.A. de Almeida. “Tourism experiences: core processes of memorable trips. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 37, pp. 11-22, 2019.
. P. Sok., A. O’Cass., & K.M. Sok. “Achieving superior SME performance: overarching role of marketing, innovation and learning capabilities”. Australasian Marketing Journal, vol. 21, pp.161-167, 2013.
. BT. Gale. “Managing customer value: creating quality and service that customers can see”, New York: The Free Press, 1994.
. C.K. Prahalad., & G. Hamel. “Strategy as a field of study: why search for a new paradigm?. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 15, pp. 5-16, 1994.
. R.B. Woodruff., & S.F. Gardial. “Know Your Customer: New Approaches to Understanding Customer Value and Satisfaction”, Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.
. G.H.G. McDougall., & T. Levesque. “Customer satisfaction with services: putting perceived value into the equation”. Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 14, pp. 392-410, 2000.
. GS. Day., & R. Wensley, “Assessing advantage: a framework for diagnosing competitive superiority”. Journal of Marketing, vol. 52, pp. 1-20.1988.
. C.K. Bart., N. Bontis., & S. Taggar. “A model of the impact of mission statements on firm performance”. Management Decision, vol. 39, pp. 19-35, Jan.2001.
. J.S. Aldehayyat., & J.R. Anchor. “Strategic planning tools and techniques in Jordan: awareness and use”. Strategic Change, vol.17, pp. 281-293, 2008.
. J. Darroch. “Knowledge management, innovation and firm performance”. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(3), 101-115, 2005.
. P. Sok., & A. O'Cass. “Understanding service firms brand value creation: a multilevel perspective including the overarching role of service brand marketing capability”. Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 25, pp. 528 – 539, 2011.
. A. O’Cass. & P. Sok. “An exploratory study into managing value creation in tourism service firms: understanding value creation phases at the intersection of the tourism service firm and their customers”. Tourism Management, vol. 51, pp. 186-200, 2015.
. C. Wagner., & A. Majchrzak. “Enabling customer-centricity using wikis and the wiki way”. Journal of Management Information Systems, vol. 23, pp.17-43, 2006.
. T.Hennig-Thurau., K.P. Gwinner., G. Walsh., & D.D. Gremler. “Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: what motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the Internet?”. Journal of Interactive Marketing, vol. 18, pp. 38-52, 2004.
. B.S. Jaw., C.Y.P. Wang., & Y.H. Chen. “Knowledge flows and performance of multinational subsidiaries: the perspective of human capital”. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 17, pp. 225-244, 2006.
. Z. Hoque., & W. James, “Linking balanced scorecard measures to size and market factors: impact on organizational performance”. Journal of Management Accounting Research, vol. 12, pp.1-17, 2000.
. Z.N.Wang., & N.X.Wang.“Knowledge sharing, innovation and firm performance”. Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, pp.8899–8908, 2012.
. C. Claycomb. , R. Germain., & C. Dröge. “Total system JIT outcomes: inventory, organization and financial effects”. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 29(10), 612-630, 1999.
. D.T .Campbell. & D.W.Fiske.“Convergent and Discriminant Validation by the Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix”. Psychological Bulletin, vol. 56, pp. 81-105, Mar.1959.
. C. Fornell., & D.F. Larcker, “Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error”. Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 18,pp. 39–50,1981.
. R.B. Kline, “Principles and practice of structural equation modeling”, New York: The Guilford Press, 2010.
. N.K. Prebensen ., & J. Xie.“ Efficacy of co-creation and mastering on perceived value and satisfaction in tourists' consumption”. Tourism Management, vol. 60, pp. 166-176, 2017.
. R. Nunkoo., H. Ramkissoon., & D. Gursoy. “Use of structural equation modeling in tourism research: past, present, and future”. Journal of Travel Research, vol. 52, pp. 759-771, 2013.
. M. Mehmetoglu. “ Predictors of sustainable consumption in a tourism context: a CHAID approach”. In J. S. Chen (Ed.), Advances in hospitality and leisure Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2014, pp. 3-23.
. J.M. Wooldridge. “Introduction econometrics: a modern approach”, Mason, USA: Thomson South-Western,2006.
. P. Maas., & A. Graf, “Customer value analysis in financial services”. Journal of Financial Service Marketing, vol. 13, pp. 107-120, 2008.
. J. Meja Trejo., J. Sanchez Gutierrez., & G. Maldonado Guzman. “the customer knowledge management and innovation”, accounting and administration, vol.61, pp. 456-477, 2016.
. A. Khosravi., A.R.C.Hussin., & M. Nilashi. “Toward software quality enhancement by Customer Knowledge Management in software companies”. Telematics and Informatics, vol.35, pp.18–37, 2018.
. L. Altinay., H. Song., M. Madanoglu., & X.L. Wang. “The influence of customer-to-customer interactions on elderly consumers’ satisfaction and social well-being”. International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 78, pp.223-233, 2018.
. P.Fidel., W. Schlesinger., & A. Cervera, “Collaborating to innovate: Effects on customer knowledge management and performance”. Journal of Business Research, vol. 68, pp.1426–1428, 2015.
. M. Smith. “Measuring organizational effectiveness”, management accounting, Oct.1998, pp.34-36.
. H. Sadek., A.Yousef., A. Ghoneim., P. Tantawi. “Measuring the effect of customer relationship management (CRM) components on the non financial performance of commercial bank : Egypt case”, European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS2011),May3031, Athens : Greece,2011.
. J.Chadam., & Z.Pastuszak. “Marketing aspects of knowledge‐based management in groups of companies: case of Poland”. Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol.105, pp. 459–475,2005.
. P.S.Huang., & L.H. Shih. “Effective environmental management through environmental knowledge management”, international journal of environmental science and technology, vol.6, pp. 35-50, 2009.
. Z. Soltani., B. Zareie., F.S. Milani., N.J. Navimipour. “the impact of the customer relationship management on the organization performance”, the Journal of High Technology Management Research, vol.29 , pp.237-246,2018.
. C.S. Choy., W.K. Yew., & B. Lin. “Criteria for Measuring KM Performance Outcomes in Organisations”. Industrial Management & Data Systems , vol.106, pp.917- 936,2006.
. I.R. Edvardsson., S. Durst. “does knowledge management deliver the goods in SMES?”.Business and management research, vol. 2, pp.52-60,2013.
. P.R. Massingham., & R.K. Massingham. “Does knowledge management produce practical outcomes?”,Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 18, pp.221–254 ,2014.
. R.E.Wayland. & P.M. Cole. “Customer connections: new strategies for growth”, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997.
. C.M. Hall., & A.M.Williams. “Tourism and innovation”, London: Routledge,2008
. H. Hoarau, “Open innovation in the tourism experience sector: The role of practice based knowledge explored. Berlin”, Heidelberg: Springer, 2016.
. E. Marrocu., & R. Paci. “they arrive with new information: tourism flows and production efficiency in the European regions”. Tourism Management, vol. 32, pp.750-758, 2011.
. E. Lesser, E., D. Mundel.,& C. Wiecha. “Managing customer knowledge”. The Journal of Business Strategy, vol.2.,MCB UP Limited (MCB), Bradford, 2000, pp. 34-37
. A. Graf., & P. Maas, “Customer value analysis in financial services”. Journal of Financial Service Marketing, vol. 2, pp.107-120, 2008.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.