Diversity of Diatom (Bacillariophyta) Flora from the Coastal Waters of Pakistan: A Review on Ecology and Taxonomy
Keywords:
Diatom, Seasonal abundance, species composition, HAB species, Manora Channel, PakistanAbstract
Studies on diversity of diatom community including their seasonality and taxonomy have been carried out during the period of May 2002 to July 2003, July, 2007 and November, 2008. This paper focused on the ecological aspect which is always manifestly important as well as taxonomy and both are strongly interrelated. The studied area is heavily influenced by the Asian monsoon system results the production of diatom blooms which were observed in the month of September 2002 and February 2003. Strong negative relationship -0.218 and -0.054 observed between diatom abundance and chlorophyll a at both stations suggesting other factors like picoplanktons are contributing in chlorophyll a concentrations. Statistical analysis showed overall lower species diversity from 0.1 to 3.6. It suggests that organic loads decreased the abundance and diversity of diatom communities in the region. Taxonomy and seasonal abundance of potentially toxic bloom forming Pseudo-nitzschia species also reported for the first time from coast of Pakistan.
References
Aitchison. J. C, J. R. Ali, and A. M. Davis. When and where did India and Asia collide? J of Geophysical Res.,112, B05423, 19 pp, 2007.
Azanza. R.V, Fukuyo. Y, Yap. L.G, and Takayama. H. Prorocentrum minimum
blooms and its possible link to a massive fish kill in Bolinao, Pangasinan,
Northern Philippines. Harmful Algae., 4:519-524, 2005.
Ann. A, Normawaty. M.N, and Fukuyo. Y. Occurrence of harmful dinoflagellates
in the Malacca Straits and its impact on aquaculture. Pp 155-163.In M, 2000.
Anderson. D.M, Anderson. P, Bricelj. M. V, Cullen. J. J, and Rensel. J.E. Monitoring and Management Strategies for Harmful Algal Blooms in Coastal Waters. – APEC #201-MR-01.1, Asia Pacific Economic Program, Singapore, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Technical Series No. 59, Paris, 2001.
Alvarinho. J, and L. H. Kawamura. Air-Sea Interaction, Coastal Circulation and Primary Production in the Eastern Arabian Sea: A Review, J. Oceanography., 60: 205-218, 2004.
Banse. K. Seasonality of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the central and northern Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Research. I, 34: 713-723, 1987.
Bethoux. J.P, P. Morin, and D.P. Ruiz-Pino. Temporal trends in nutrient ratios: chemical evidence of Mediterranean ecosystem changes driven by human activity. Deep Sea Res. II., 49: 2007-2016, 2004.
Brown. S.L, M. R. Landry, S. Christensen, D. Garrison., M. M. Gowing, R. R. Bidigare, and L. Campbel. Microbial community dynamics and taxon-specific phytoplankton production in the Arabian Sea during the 1995 monsoon seasons. Deep. Sea. Res II., 49: 2345-2376, 2002.
Barber. R.T, J. Mrra, R.C. Bridigaire, L.A. Codispoti, D. Halpern, Z. Jhonsons, M. Latasa, R. Goericke, and S. Smith. Primary production and its regulation in the Arabian Sea during 1995.Deep Sea Res II., 48: 1127-1172, 2001.
Beg. M.A.A (ed.). Proce. Nation. Reg. Semi. Protect. Mar. Environ. Ecosyst. PCSIR, Karachi. 1-80 pp, 1979.
Brock. J.C, and C.R. McClain. Interannual Variability of the southwest monsoon Phytoplankton bloom in the northwest Arabian Sea. J.Geophysical. Res., 97: 733-750, 1992.
Beg. M.A.A, S.N. Mahmood, S. Naeem, and A.H.K. Yusufzai. Land based pollution and the marine environment of Karachi coast. Pak. J. Sci. indust. Res., 27: 199-205, 1984.
Banner. A.H, Scheuer, P.J, Sasaji. S, Helfrich, P, and Alender. C.B. Observations on ciguatera-type toxin in fish flesh. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 90: 770-787, 1960.
Chen. B, and H. Li. Relationships between phytoplankton growth and cell size in surface oceans: Interactive effects of temperature, nutrients, and grazing. Limnol. Oceanogr., 55: 965-972, 2010.
Chaghtai. F, and S.M. Saifullah. 2001. Harmful Algal bloom (HAB) organisms of the northern Arabian Sea bordering Pakistan-1 Gonyaulax Diesing. Pak. J. Bot., 33(1): 69-75, 2001.
Chaghtai. F, and S.M. Saifullah. 2006. On the occurrence of green Noctiluca scintillans blooms in the coastal waters of Pakistan, northern Arabian Sea. Pak. J. Bot., 38(3): 893-898, 2006.
Delmas. D, Herbland. A, and Maestrini. S.Y. Environmental conditions which lead
to increase in cell density of the toxic dinoflagellates Dinophysis spp. in nutrientrich and nutrient-poor waters of the French Atlantic coast. Marine Ecology –
Progress Series., 89: 53-61, 1992.
Domingues. R.B, T.P. Anselmo, A.B. Barbosa, U. Sommer, and H.M. Galvão. Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth in the freshwater tidal zone of a turbid, Mediterranean estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science., 91: 282-297, 2011.
Dam. H.G, and Colin. S.P. Prorocentrum minimum (clone Exuv) is nutritionally insufficient, but not toxic to the copepod Acartia tonsa. Harmful Algae., 4: 575-584, 2005.
Dortch. Q, R. Robichaux, S. Pool1, D. Milstedl, G. Mire, N.N. Rabalaisl, T.M. Soniat, G.A. Fryxell, R.E. Turner, and M. L. Parsons. (1997). Abundance and vertical flux of Pseudo-nitzschia in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 146: 249-264, 1997.
Duce. R.A, J. LaRoche, K. Altier, K. R. Arrigo, A. R. Baker, D. G. Capon, S. Cornell, F. Dentene, J. Gallowa, R. S. Ganeshram, R. J. Geider, T. Jickells, M. M. Kuyper, R. Langlois, P. S. Liss, S. M. Li, J. J. Middelburg, C. M. Moor, S. Nickovic, A. Oschlies, T. Pedersen, J. Prospero, R, Schlitzer, S. Seitzinger, L. L. Sorensen, M. Uematsu, O. Ulloa, M. Voss,B. Ward, and L. Zamora. Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean. Science., 320: 893-897, 2008.
Dwivedi. B.K, and G.C. Pandey. Physico-chemical factors and algal diversity of two ponds in Faizabad, India. Poll.Res., 2:361-370, 2002.
Dwivedi. R.M, M. Raman, S. Parab, S.G.P. Matonkda, and S. Nayak. Influence of northeasterly trade winds on intensity of winter bloom in the Northern Arabian Sea. Current Science., 90:1397-1406, 2006.
Furnas. M. In situ growth rates of marine Phytoplankton: approaches to measurement, community and species growth rates. J. Plank. Res., 12:1117-1151, 1990.
Khan. S.H. Non toxic bloom of Asterionella japonica on Clifton beach. Pak. J. Bot., 18: 361-363, 1986.
Godhe. A, Svensson. S, and Rehnstam-Holm. A.S. Oceanographic settings explain
fluctuations in Dinophysis spp. and concentrations of diarrhetic shell fish toxin
in the plankton community within a mussel farm area on the Swedish west
coast. Marine Ecology-Progress Series., 240: 71-83, 2002.
Gallegos. C. I, and Bergstrom. P.W. Effects of a Prorocentrum minimum bloom on light availability for and potential impacts on submersed aquatic vegetation in upper Chesapeake Bay. Harmful Algae., 4: 553-574, 2005.
Garrison. D. L, M. M. Gowing, and M. P. Hughes. Nano- and microplankton in the northern Arabian Sea during the southwest monsoon, August–September 1995 A USJGOFSstudy. Deep-Sea Res. II., 45: 2269-2299, 1998.
Gilpin. L.C, K. Davidson, and E. Roberts. The influence of changes in nitrogen: silicon ratios on diatom growth dynamics, Journal of Sea Res., 51: 21-35, 2004.
Gomez. F, and S. Souissi. The diatoms Odontella sinensis, Coscinodiscus wailesii and Thalassiosira punctigera in the European Atlantic: Recent introduction or overlooked in the past ?. Fresenius environ bulletin., 19: 1424-1433, 2010.
Gandhi. N, Singh. A, Prakash, S, Ramesh, R, Raman. M, Sheshshayee. M.S, and Shetye.
S. First direct measurements of N2 fixation during a Trichodesmium bloom
in the eastern Arabian Sea. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 25, GB4014, http://
dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003970, 2011.
Goericke. R. Top-Down Control of Phytoplankton Biomass and community Structure in the Monsoonal Arabian Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr., 47: 1307-1323, 2002.
Khan. S.H. 1986. Non toxic bloom of Asterionella japonica on Clifton beach. Pak. J. Bot., 18: 361-363, 1986.
Landry. M.R, J. Constantinou, M. Latasa, S.L. Brown, R.R. Bidigare, and M. Ondrusek. Biological response to iron fertilization in the eastern equatorial Pacific (IronEx II). III. Dynamics of Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing. Mar. Ecol. Progs. Ser., 201: 57-72, 2000.
Latif. S, Z. Ayub, and G. Siddiqui. Seasonal variability of phytoplankton in a coastal lagoon and adjacent open sea in Pakistan. Turkish J of Bot., 37: 398-410, 2013.
Letelier. R. M, R. R. Bidigare, D. V. Hebe, M. Ondrusek,C. D. Winn, and D. M. Karl. Temporal variability of phytoplankton community structure based on pigment analysis. Limnol. Oceanogr., 38: 1420-1437, 1993.
Munir. S, Siddiqui. P.J.A, Naz. T, Burhan. Z, and Morton. S.L. Growth rates of dinoflagellates along the Karachi coast assessed by the size fractionation method. Oceanological and Hydrobiological studies, 44: 326-334, 2015.
Munir. S, Naz, T, Burhan, Z, Siddiqui. P.J.A, and Morton. S.L. Potentially harmful dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) from the coast of Pakistan. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Harmful Algae. International Society for the Study of Harmful Algae and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO., ISBN 978-87-990827-3-5, 2012.
Margalef. R. Temporal succession and spatial heterogeneity in phytoplankton. In: Buzzati-Traverso, A. A. (ed.) Perspective in marine biology. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 323-349pp, 1958.
Madhupratap. M, Kumar, S, Bhattathiri. P, Kumar. M, Raghukumar. S, Nair. K, and Rama-iah. N. Mechanism of the biological response to winter cooling in the northeastern Arabian Sea. Nature., 384: 549-552, 1996.
Naz. T, Z. Burhan, S. Munir, and P.J.A. Siddiqui. Diatom species composition and seasonal abundance in a polluted and nonpolluted environment from coast of Pakistan. Asian. J. Water. Environ. Poll., 7: 25-38, 2010.
Naz. T, Z. Burhan, S. Munir, and P.J.A. Siddiqui. Seasonal abundance of diatoms in correlation with the physicochemical parameters from coastal waters of Pakistan. Pak j Bot, 45(4), 1477-1486, 2013.
Naz. T, and P.J. A. Siddiqui. Taxonomy of potentially harmful diatom Coscinodiscus c.f.wailesii Gran et Angst (Coscinodiscales, Bacillariophyta) from Pakistan waters. J. Algal Biomass Utln., 3: 28-31, 2012.
Naz. T, Z. Burhan, S. Munir, and P.J.A. Siddiqui. Taxonomy and seasonal distribution of Pseudo-nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) from coastal waters of Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 44(4): 1467-1473, 2011.
Ornolfsdottir. E.B, S. E. Lumsden, and L. Pinckney. Phytoplankton growth rate respond to nutrient pulses in a shallow turbid estuary, Galveston Bay, Texas. J. Plank. Res., 26: 325-339, 2004.
Parab. S.G, S.G. P. Matondkar, H.D.R. Gomes, and J.I. Goe. Monsoon driven changes in phytoplankton populations in the eastern Arabian Sea as revealed by microscopy and HPLC pigment analysis. Cont. Shelf Res., 26: 2538-2558, 2006.
Paul. T.J, N. Ramaiah, M. Gauns, and V. Fernandes. Preponderance of a few diatom species among the highly diverse microphytoplankton assemblages in the Bay of Bengal. Mar Bio. Int. J. Life. Ocea. Coast. Waters., 152: 63-75, 2007.
Schiebel. R, J.Waniek, M. Bork, and C.Hemleben. Planktic foraminiferal production stimulated by chlorophyll redistribution and entrainment of nutrients. Deep-Sea Res I., 48: 721-740, 2001.
Saifullah. S.M, S.H Khan, and S. Iftikhar. Distribution of a trace metal iron in mangrove habitat of Karachi, In: Natl ONR, Symp on Arabian Sea as a source of biological diversity., 172-185pp, 2000.
Shameel. M, and J. Tanaka. A preliminary checklist of Marine algae from the coast and inshore waters of Pakistan. Cryptogamic Flora of Pakistan., 1: 1-64, 1992.
Strickland. J.D.H, and T.R. Parsons. (2nd Edition) A practical handbook of sea-water analysis. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada., 167: 311, 1972.
Singh. A, K. Harding, H.R.V. Reddy, and A. Godhe. An assessment of Dinophysis blooms in the coastal Arabian Sea. Harmful Algae., 34:29-35, 2014.
Stephanie. L. H,G. C. Hays,M. Edwards, E. C. Roberts, A. W. Walne, and M. B. Gravenor. Changes in marine dinoflagellate and diatom abundance under climate change. Letters. Nature climate change. DOI:10.1038/NCLIMATE1388, 2012.
Shalapyonok. A, R. J. OlsonL, and L. S. Shalapyonok. Arabian Sea phytoplankton during southwest and northeast monsoons 1995: Composition, size structure and biomass from individual cell properties measured by flow cytometry. Deep-Sea Res. II., 48: 1231-1261, 2001.
Sournia. A. (ed.). Phytoplankton Manual. UNESCO. Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology., 6, 337 pp. Paris, 1978.
Smayda. T.J. Harmful algal blooms: their ecophysiology and general relevance to phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Limnol Oceanogr., 42:1137-1153, 1997.
Smayda. T.J. Novel and nuisance phytoplankton blooms in the sea: evidence for a global epidemic. Toxic marine phytoplankton., pp. 29-40, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990.
Tarran. G.A, Burkill. P.H, Edwards. E.S, and Woodward. E.M.S. Phytoplankton community structure in the Arabian Sea
during and after the SW monsoon, 1994. Deep-Sea Research.,II
, 655-676, 1999.
Sarangi. R.K, P.Chauhan, and S.R Nayak. Inter-annual variability of phytoplankton blooms in the northern Arabian Sea during winter monsoon period (February-March) using IRS-P4 OCM data. Int. J. of Mar. Sci., 34: 163-173, 2005.
Shiah. F.K, G. C. Gong, and K.K. Liu. Light effects on phytoplankton photosynthetic performance in the southern East China Sea north of Taiwan. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin., 37(1): 133-140, 1996.
Taylor. F.J.R. Current problems with harmful phytoplankton blooms in British Columbia waters. Toxic Phytoplankton blooms in the Sea., pp. 699-703, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993.
Tabassum. A, and S.M Saifullah. The planktonic diatom of the genus Chaetocerose Ehrenberg from the northwestern Arabian Sea. Pak. J. Bot., 42: 1137-1151, 2010.
Telesh. I.V. Plankton of the Baltic estuarine ecosystems with emphasis on Neva Estuary: a review of present knowledge and research perspectives. Marine Pollution Bulletin., 49: 206-219, 2004.
Warner. M.E, and Madden. M.I. The impact of shifts to elevated irradiance on the growth and photochemical activity of the harmful algae Chattonella subsalsa and Prorocentrum minimum from Delaware. Harmful Algae., 6: 332-342, 2007.
Wiggert. J, D. R. R. Hod, K. Banse, and J. C. Kindle. Monsoon-driven biogeochemical processes in the Arabian Sea. Prog. Oceanogr., 65: 176-213, 2005.
Weller. R. A, A. S. Fischer, D. L. Rudnick, C. C. Eriksen, T. D. Dickey, J. Marra, C. Fox, and R. Leben. Moored observations of upper-ocean response to the monsoons in the Arabian Sea during 1994-1995. Deep Sea Res, Part II., 49, 2195-2230, 2002.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.
